There are currently over 150 evidence-based psychotherapies currently utilised by mental health professionals worldwide. All have overarching goals of symptom reduction and healing, and have their own own philosophy and techniques. Among these, Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy stands out as a quite unique as it is "constraint-release" model, which can be contrasted with the more counteractive stance of methods like Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). IFS provides a framework that encourages self-discovery, the creation of possibilities, and integration rather than direct confrontation of symptoms. This is something that clients take some time to adjust to when they first come to IFS, and it is at odds with how most of us have been taught, both implicity and explicity, to deal with challenges inside and outside of us, so it's vital that clients (and therapists) understand how IFS operates as a constraint-release model and how it fundamentally differs from counteractive models.
The constraint-release model emphasises unlocking the potential within an individual rather than imposing change from the outside. In IFS, therapists create a safe space for clients to explore their internal landscape without judgment. The therapist does this by modelling their presence characterised by the 8cs (curiosity, calm, creativity, clarity, connectedness, compassion, confidence, courage) and inivitng clients to recognising parts that have taken on extreme roles - often to protect the individual from pain or failure - and gently guiding them towards understanding.
For example, a client might explore a part that reacts with anger when criticised. Instead of trying to suppress this reaction or counter it with rational thoughts (as might occur in CBT), the therapist encourages the client to communicate with this angry part. Through this internal dialogue, the client can uncover the underlying fears or traumas that fuel the anger, leading to greater understanding and integration. The paradox of getting to know a part stuck in an extreme role is that as it feels truly understood, it lets down it's guard and becomes interested in taking on a different role, and/or allowing the person's Self to be the leader in situations where they face external criticism.
This process of constraint release is inherently empowering. Clients learn to embrace their inner complexities rather than simply managing symptoms. By acknowledging and addressing the root causes of their internal conflicts, individuals can respond differently to trailheads and enjoy more more self-leadership in their lives..
In contrast, Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is often described as a counteractive model of psychotherapy. It focuses on identifying and challenging distorted thinking patterns and behaviors. The premise is that our thoughts shape our emotions and actions, and by altering these cognitive distortions, we can achieve emotional well-being. For instance, in CBT, a therapist might work with a client who has anxiety about public speaking. The therapist would help the client identify negative thoughts associated with this fear, such as "I'll embarrass myself" or "Everyone will judge me." The goal is to counter these thoughts with more balanced perspectives, thereby reducing the anxiety associated with the situation.
While CBT has a great deal of empirical evidence and can be a powerful approach in and off itself, it operates under the assumption that thoughts and behaviors can be directly modified to produce emotional change. This approach can sometimes overlook the deeper emotional and relational dynamics at play, particularly those rooted in past experiences or traumas, which can lead to an impasse in therapy if the parts that are taking on extreme behaviours hold significant fears about change.
The fundamental differences between IFS and CBT lie in their underlying philosophies and methods. IFS embraces a holistic view of the psyche, acknowledging that every part has a role and deserves space. The focus is on creating a relationship, understanding, healing, and integrating these parts into the internal system, which leads to a release of internal constraints. Clients learn to engage with their emotions in a way that fosters self-acceptance and personal growth.
In contrast, CBT tends to emphasise symptom management through cognitive restructuring. While this can be effective for immediate relief, it may not address the deeper issues that contribute to an individual's emotional struggles. The focus is often on changing thoughts and behaviors rather than fostering a deep understanding of the emotional landscape.
Internal Family Systems Therapy offers a compelling approach to psychotherapy that prioritises internal exploration and healing over direct challenge. By functioning as a constraint-release model, IFS allows clients to unlock their potential and integrate their experiences into a cohesive internal system. This stands in contrast to counteractive models like CBT, which seek to modify thoughts and behaviors directly.
As mental health continues to evolve, understanding these distinctions can help individuals choose the therapeutic approach that best aligns with their needs and goals. Whether one seeks the integrative path of IFS or the structured methodology of CBT, the ultimate aim remains the same: to foster a deeper understanding of oneself and promote emotional well-being.